Policy: Articles may be retracted in cases of confirmed misconduct (e.g., data fabrication, duplicate publication, plagiarism) or fundamental errors that invalidate the article's findings. Retractions are intended to correct the scientific record and maintain the trust of the scientific community and the public.
Procedure: Retractions can be initiated by the authors, the journal's editors, or based on findings from an external investigation. A retraction notice will be published, stating the reason for retraction and identifying who initiated it. The original article will be retained online, marked clearly as retracted.
