Policy: Articles may be retracted in cases of evident misconduct (e.g., data fabrication, duplicate publication) or critical errors that invalidate the article's conclusions. Retractions are used to correct the literature and ensure its reliability.
Procedure: Retractions can be initiated by the article's authors, the journal's editors, or based on findings from an external investigation. A retraction notice will clearly state the reason for the retraction and will be linked to the retracted article. The original article will be marked as retracted and remain accessible for transparency.
